What is Colombia’s National Flower?
The national flower of Colombia is the orchid Cattleya trianae, which was officially recognized as a national symbol of the country in 1936. This flower flourishes beautifully in Colombia, thanks to the country’s unique climate and elevation. Indeed, the numerous orchid gardens in Colombia attract many tourists and locals alike.
Several decades ago, naturalist Emilio Robledo conducted research to determine which flower could represent Colombia. He discovered that this particular flower, also known as the May flower or lily of May, contained the colors of the Colombian flag at the center of its petals. This unique feature confirmed that Cattleya trianae deserved to be the national flower.
Cattleya trianae stands out as Colombia’s primary orchid due to its size and abundance. It is lauded for its vibrant colors, the unique structure of its stems and blooms, and its ability to brighten gardens. Each flower can reach up to 25 centimeters in diameter.
It’s noteworthy that there are several other types of Cattleya, including:
- Cattleya forbesii: This orchid is native to Brazil and typically grows along rivers and swamps. It is rarely found in dry land, and its population has decreased due to habitat loss.
- Cattleya amethystoglossa: A large orchid that blooms in winter and spring, also originating from Brazil. It can produce between ten to thirty flowers during its blooming stage.
- Cattleya intermediana: This medium-sized flower blooms in spring or summer, typically producing three to seven flowers and thrives in warm climates.
- Cattleya loddigesii: This species flourishes in semi-open forests with clean water. Its flowers arise from a dry spathe rather than a green one, which is common in many other orchids.
Characteristics of Cattleya trianae, Colombia’s National Flower
- Also known as the “Queen of Orchids”, this flower belongs to the orchid family and boasts fleshy leaves along with large, abundant flowers that are truly spectacular.
- While it lives on the surfaces of certain trees, it is not a parasite, as it does not derive nutrients from them.
- Its flowers consist of three sepals (green leaves that form part of the calyx) and three petals.
- The plant structure includes flower, leaf, pseudobulb, rhizome, and root.
- It is considered relatively easy to cultivate, generally flowering between April and May.
- This orchid comes in a variety of colors, ranging from white to shades of beige, pinks, purples, and darker colors, as well as light specimens with dark spots.
- Interestingly, orchids hold various meanings. They are often associated with fertility, making them a beautiful gift for new parents. They also symbolize beauty and perfection, explaining why receiving an orchid conveys that the giver holds you in high regard.
Care of the Cattleya trianae Orchid
This flower is currently threatened due to habitat destruction caused by human activities. Consequently, the Colombian government has made efforts to promote awareness of this beautiful plant and regularly conducts planting campaigns to increase its population.
- Watering: One of the care requirements for this plant is careful watering, which can be done weekly. The amount of water should be adjusted according to the climate and altitude of the growing location. The soil should remain moist without being waterlogged or completely dry. The roots, in particular, need to be free from excess moisture, as they are prone to rot under such conditions. The environment should be humid, as dry conditions hinder optimal flowering. A helpful trick for dry environments is placing a tray of water near the plant to enhance ambient humidity.
- Pruning: After the flowers have wilted, it is advisable to prune away dried blooms to prevent them from absorbing energy and nutrients from the plant. Removing the dried flowers also reduces the risk of diseases and pests, allowing for better airflow. Typically, the flowers last around fifteen days.
- Light: This orchid requires bright, indirect light and benefits from some shade each day.
- Fertilizer: To encourage blooming, use a liquid orchid fertilizer, applying it to the soil immediately after watering. This supports stronger and more abundant flower development.
Now that you understand why the orchid is Colombia’s national flower, you might be interested in reading more about the Cattleya orchid: how to care for it, its ideal substrate, and how to restore it. Additionally, explore the rarest orchids in the world.
